Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Entrance Exam Set

The question probes the understanding of the core principles of TCM diagnosis, specifically focusing on the interplay between the Six Excesses (Liu Yin) and the Zang-Fu organs, as well as the concept of Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) and its role in external pathogen invasion. In TCM, Wind (Feng) is often the primary pathogenic factor in the initial stages of external invasion, particularly affecting the Lung and the Wei Qi level. Wind can combine with other pathogenic factors like Cold, Heat, Dampness, or Dryness. The scenario describes symptoms of fever, aversion to wind, headache, and a floating pulse, which are classic indicators of an early-stage external Wind-Cold invasion. The absence of significant internal organ involvement (like severe thirst indicating Heat or deep abdominal pain indicating Spleen/Stomach issues) points towards a superficial invasion. The concept of “Wind-Cold attacking the Exterior” directly aligns with these symptoms. Option b) is incorrect because while Dampness can be present, the primary driver described is Wind, and the symptoms are not predominantly those of Damp-Heat or Damp-Cold obstruction. Option c) is incorrect as Liver Qi Stagnation is an internal disharmony, typically presenting with emotional disturbances, flank pain, and a wiry pulse, not the acute febrile presentation described. Option d) is incorrect because Kidney Yin Deficiency is a chronic condition characterized by deficiency heat symptoms like night sweats, malar flush, and a weak pulse, which are not evident in the presented acute scenario. Therefore, the most accurate TCM diagnostic interpretation is Wind-Cold attacking the Exterior, reflecting the initial stage of invasion where the Wei Qi is compromised and the body is fighting off an external pathogen.

The question probes the understanding of the fundamental principles of Yin-Yang theory as applied to the diagnosis and treatment within Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically in the context of the Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The scenario describes a patient exhibiting symptoms of excess heat in the Liver and deficiency of Kidney Yin. Liver excess heat is characterized by symptoms such as irritability, red eyes, bitter taste, and a wiry, rapid pulse. Kidney Yin deficiency, conversely, manifests as symptoms like night sweats, dry mouth, tinnitus, and a weak, rapid pulse. The core of TCM diagnosis lies in identifying the pattern of disharmony. In this case, the Liver excess heat is a primary manifestation, often exacerbated by or contributing to the underlying Kidney Yin deficiency. The Kidney Yin deficiency fails to nourish the Liver, leading to Liver Yang rising or Liver Wind, which can then manifest as heat. Therefore, addressing the Liver excess heat is paramount, as it is the more active and symptomatic pattern in this presentation. While Kidney Yin deficiency requires tonification, the immediate clinical concern and the focus of initial treatment would be to pacify the Liver heat. This aligns with the principle of treating the most prominent or acute symptoms first, while also considering the underlying root cause. The concept of “fire from deficiency” or “empty heat” is relevant here, where the deficiency of Yin (Kidney Yin) allows for a relative excess of Yang or heat to manifest. However, the direct presentation is one of excess heat in the Liver. Thus, the most appropriate initial therapeutic strategy is to clear the Liver heat.

The question probes the understanding of the fundamental principles of Yin-Yang theory as applied to the diagnosis and treatment of imbalances within the context of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically as taught at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The scenario describes a patient exhibiting symptoms of heat (fever, red face, thirst) and excess (rapid pulse, irritability). In TCM, heat is fundamentally a manifestation of excess Yang or deficiency of Yin. The excess nature of the symptoms, particularly the rapid pulse and irritability, points towards an excess heat pattern. The treatment principle for excess heat is to clear heat and reduce excess. Among the options, “clearing heat and reducing excess” directly addresses both the heat and excess aspects of the presentation. “Tonifying Yin and clearing heat” would be appropriate if Yin deficiency was the primary cause of the heat, but the excess symptoms suggest otherwise. “Dispelling wind-cold and warming the interior” is for cold patterns, which is the opposite of the presented symptoms. “Regulating Qi and harmonizing the Stomach” addresses digestive imbalances and is not the primary principle for a systemic heat excess condition. Therefore, the most appropriate treatment principle is clearing heat and reducing excess, aligning with the core diagnostic framework of TCM taught at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

The core principle being tested here is the understanding of the diagnostic process in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically how to differentiate between patterns of disharmony. The scenario describes a patient presenting with symptoms that could arise from several underlying imbalances. The key to identifying the correct diagnosis lies in recognizing the interplay of specific signs and symptoms with the diagnostic framework of TCM. The patient exhibits a flushed face, dry mouth, irritability, and a rapid, forceful pulse. These are classic indicators of Heat, specifically Liver-Fire Rising. The Liver in TCM is associated with emotions like anger and frustration, and its imbalance can manifest as rising Fire. The flushed face and dry mouth are direct manifestations of Heat consuming fluids. Irritability points to the Liver’s connection to emotional regulation. A rapid, forceful pulse (Hong Shuo) is a hallmark of Heat. While other options might present some overlapping symptoms, they do not fully encompass the presented clinical picture as accurately as Liver-Fire Rising. For instance, Spleen-Dampness often presents with fatigue, heaviness, and digestive issues, which are not prominent here. Kidney Yin Deficiency would typically involve night sweats, a sore back, and a weaker pulse, contrasting with the forceful pulse described. Liver Qi Stagnation, while related to emotional distress, usually presents with distending pain, sighing, and a wiry pulse, not necessarily the forceful pulse and overt Heat signs. Therefore, the constellation of symptoms strongly points to Liver-Fire Rising as the primary pattern of disharmony.

The core principle tested here is the understanding of the interconnectedness of the Five Elements (Wu Xing) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and their corresponding correspondences. Specifically, the question probes the relationship between the Spleen (Pi), its associated element Earth (Tu), and its sensory organ, the mouth. In TCM theory, the Spleen governs transformation and transportation of nutrients, and its health is reflected in the mouth and lips. The Earth element is associated with the center, nourishment, and stability. When the Spleen’s function is compromised, it can manifest as issues with taste perception, dry mouth, or changes in the lips. The question asks to identify the element that *generates* the Earth element, which according to the Sheng (generating) cycle is Fire (Huo). Fire generates Earth. Therefore, if the Spleen (Earth) is deficient, the mother element, Fire, would be the primary focus for tonification to support the Earth. The question is framed around a hypothetical scenario of a patient presenting with symptoms indicative of Spleen deficiency, and the task is to identify the elemental relationship that guides the initial therapeutic strategy. The correct answer is Fire, as it is the generative force for Earth.

The core principle being tested here is the understanding of the interconnectedness of the Five Elements (Wu Xing) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and their corresponding organ systems and physiological functions, as taught at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Specifically, the question probes the concept of “Sheng” (generating) and “Ke” (overcoming) cycles, and how imbalances in one element can affect others. In TCM, Wood (木) generates Fire (火), Fire generates Earth (土), Earth generates Metal (金), Metal generates Water (水), and Water generates Wood. This is the Sheng cycle. The Ke cycle involves Wood overcoming Earth, Earth overcoming Water, Water overcoming Fire, Fire overcoming Metal, and Metal overcoming Wood. The scenario describes a patient presenting with symptoms indicative of Liver (肝) disharmony, which corresponds to the Wood element. The Liver in TCM governs the smooth flow of Qi and is associated with anger and frustration. The symptoms of irritability and a bitter taste in the mouth are classic signs of Liver Qi stagnation and Liver Fire rising. If the Liver (Wood) is in excess or imbalanced, it can affect the Spleen (脾), which corresponds to the Earth element. According to the Ke cycle, Wood overcomes Earth. However, if Wood is excessively strong due to stagnation or fire, it can over-act upon Earth, leading to a disharmony where the Wood element “attacks” or “overcomes” the Earth element in an unhealthy way. This manifests as the Liver’s excessive influence disrupting the Spleen’s function of transformation and transportation of food and fluids. Therefore, symptoms related to the Spleen, such as abdominal distension and a poor appetite, would be expected as a consequence of the Liver imbalance. The question asks which organ system’s function would be *most directly* impacted by the Liver’s disharmony, considering the cyclical relationships. While other elements might be indirectly affected, the Earth element (Spleen) is the primary recipient of the “overcoming” action from an imbalanced Wood element. The bitter taste is a direct manifestation of Liver Fire, and the irritability points to Liver Qi stagnation. The abdominal distension and poor appetite are characteristic of Spleen deficiency or disharmony, which is a common secondary effect when the Liver (Wood) is imbalanced.

The core principle being tested here is the nuanced understanding of the interplay between Qi, Blood, and Body Fluids (Jing, Qi, Shen, Blood, and Body Fluids) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as applied to the diagnosis and treatment of a complex, multi-faceted condition. The scenario describes a patient with symptoms indicative of both deficiency and stagnation, a common diagnostic challenge in advanced TCM practice. The patient presents with: * **Fatigue, pale complexion, and occasional dizziness:** These are classic signs of Blood deficiency (Xue Xu) and Qi deficiency (Qi Xu). Blood nourishes the tissues and organs, and its deficiency leads to pallor and weakness. Qi is the vital energy that animates the body, and its deficiency results in fatigue and reduced function. * **Dry mouth and throat, scanty urine:** These symptoms point towards a deficiency of Body Fluids (Jin Ye Xu), which are responsible for moistening the tissues and regulating urine output. * **Irritability and a feeling of fullness in the chest:** These suggest an element of Liver Qi stagnation (Gan Qi Yu) or possibly Heart Blood deficiency leading to Shen disturbance. Stagnation impedes the smooth flow of Qi, leading to discomfort and emotional distress. A comprehensive TCM diagnosis would consider how these patterns interact. For instance, Blood deficiency can lead to Liver Blood deficiency, which in turn can cause Liver Qi stagnation. Similarly, Qi deficiency can fail to move Blood and Body Fluids, leading to stagnation and dryness. The question asks for the *most appropriate* initial therapeutic strategy. Let’s analyze the options in light of the diagnostic considerations: * **Option a) Tonifying Blood and moistening dryness, while gently promoting the circulation of Qi:** This strategy directly addresses the identified deficiencies (Blood and Body Fluids) and the stagnation (Qi stagnation). Tonifying Blood also helps to nourish the Liver and calm the Shen. Moistening dryness addresses the Jin Ye Xu. Gently promoting Qi circulation is crucial to prevent further stagnation and to help the tonifying herbs work effectively. This is a balanced and comprehensive approach that targets the root causes and manifestations. * **Option b) Aggressively dispelling dampness and clearing heat:** While some heat signs might be present due to stagnation, the primary presentation is deficiency and dryness, not excess dampness or significant heat. Aggressively dispelling dampness could further injure Body Fluids, exacerbating the dryness. * **Option c) Strengthening Spleen Qi and resolving phlegm:** While Spleen Qi deficiency can contribute to Blood and Body Fluid deficiency, the prominent symptoms here are not directly related to phlegm accumulation or Spleen dysfunction as the primary issue. The focus is more on Blood and Jin Ye. * **Option d) Regulating the Stomach and harmonizing the Liver:** Harmonizing the Liver is relevant due to Qi stagnation, but regulating the Stomach is not the most pressing concern given the presented symptoms. The primary deficiencies (Blood, Jin Ye) and the stagnation are more central to the initial treatment strategy. Therefore, the most appropriate initial strategy is to address the fundamental deficiencies and the resulting stagnation, making option a the most fitting choice for a candidate at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. This approach reflects the holistic and integrated diagnostic and therapeutic framework taught at the university, emphasizing the interconnectedness of vital substances and their functions.

The question probes the understanding of the fundamental principles of TCM diagnosis, specifically focusing on the interplay between the Six Divisions (Liu Jing) and the Eight Principles (Ba Gang). The scenario describes a patient presenting with symptoms that align with the Tai Yang stage, characterized by external pathogenic invasion, particularly Wind-Cold. The initial symptoms of aversion to cold, headache, and body aches are classic indicators of Tai Yang Shang Han (Tai Yang Exterior Cold Damage). The absence of sweating further supports an exterior pattern where the pores are closed due to the pathogen’s presence. The pulse description, “floating and tight” (浮紧 – fú jǐn), is a hallmark of Tai Yang Shang Han, indicating the pathogen is in the exterior and the body is resisting it with Yang Qi, leading to a tight pulse, while the floating nature signifies its superficial location. The treatment principle for Tai Yang Shang Han is to release the exterior and disperse Wind-Cold, typically achieved through diaphoretic herbs. Therefore, the most appropriate diagnostic conclusion based on the presented symptoms and pulse is Tai Yang Shang Han, which necessitates a diaphoretic approach to expel the pathogen.

The question probes the understanding of the foundational principles of TCM diagnosis, specifically focusing on the interplay between the Six Divisions (Liu Jing) and the Zang-Fu organs. The scenario describes a patient exhibiting symptoms of fever, aversion to cold, headache, and a floating, tight pulse. These are classic indicators of an exterior-stage invasion, primarily affecting the Tai Yang channel. The Tai Yang stage is characterized by the initial invasion of pathogenic factors (like wind-cold) into the superficial layers of the body, manifesting as symptoms related to the exterior. The pulse being “floating” (浮脉, fú mài) signifies an exterior condition, and “tight” (紧脉, jǐn mài) suggests the presence of cold. Headache and aversion to cold are also hallmarks of Tai Yang syndrome. While other Zang-Fu organs are involved in the body’s overall health, the initial presentation in this scenario most directly aligns with the Tai Yang stage, which is the outermost layer of the Six Divisions. Therefore, the primary diagnostic consideration, in line with TCM diagnostic principles as taught at institutions like Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, would be to address the Tai Yang stage. The other options represent deeper or different pathological patterns. Sha Yang involves a half-exterior, half-interior condition. Tai Yin is an interior cold-damp pattern. Shao Yin can be either cold or heat, but typically involves deeper deficiency. The question requires discerning the most appropriate initial diagnostic framework based on the presented symptoms, emphasizing the sequential nature of disease progression in TCM.

The core principle being tested here is the understanding of the interplay between Qi, Blood, and Body Fluids in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, specifically as it relates to the concept of “Phlegm-Dampness” (痰湿). Phlegm-Dampness arises from a deficiency in the Spleen’s ability to transform and transport, leading to the accumulation of pathological fluids. The Spleen governs transformation and transportation, and its function is crucial for the proper metabolism of Dampness. When Spleen Qi is weak, it cannot effectively process ingested substances, leading to the formation of Dampness. This Dampness, if prolonged or severe, can congeal into Phlegm. Phlegm-Dampness is characterized by a heavy, turbid, and sticky nature, which obstructs the free flow of Qi and Blood, leading to various symptoms such as a thick, greasy tongue coating, a slippery pulse, chest oppression, nausea, and a feeling of heaviness. The question posits a scenario where a patient exhibits symptoms of a distended abdomen, reduced appetite, and a greasy tongue coating. These are classic indicators of internal Dampness accumulation, often exacerbated by Spleen deficiency. While Liver Qi Stagnation can contribute to abdominal distension, it doesn’t directly explain the greasy tongue coating as a primary symptom. Blood Stasis, while a serious pathological product, typically presents with more pronounced pain and a purplish tongue. Wind-Cold invasion would manifest with external symptoms like chills and fever. Therefore, the most fitting diagnosis, considering the combination of symptoms and their underlying TCM pathology, is Phlegm-Dampness obstructing the Middle Jiao, stemming from Spleen dysfunction. This aligns with the foundational understanding of how imbalances in the digestive system, particularly the Spleen, lead to the generation of pathological byproducts like Phlegm-Dampness, a concept central to TCM diagnostics and treatment strategies taught at institutions like Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

The question probes the understanding of the fundamental principles of Qi circulation and its relationship to Yin and Yang balance within the context of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as taught at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The scenario describes a patient exhibiting symptoms of stagnation and deficiency, which are key indicators of disharmony. A deficiency of Yang Qi (specifically, Kidney Yang) would lead to a lack of warmth and driving force for circulation. This would manifest as cold extremities, fatigue, and a pale complexion, aligning with the initial presentation. Simultaneously, the stagnation of Liver Qi, often a consequence of underlying deficiency or emotional stress, impedes the smooth flow of Qi and Blood. Liver Qi stagnation can lead to distension, pain, and irregular menstruation. When Liver Qi stagnates, it can also affect the Spleen’s function of transforming and transporting nutrients, leading to dampness accumulation. Dampness obstructs the channels and further impedes Qi and Blood flow, exacerbating the stagnation. The patient’s bloating and loose stools are indicative of Spleen deficiency with dampness. Therefore, the most appropriate therapeutic strategy, considering the interplay of these patterns, is to tonify Kidney Yang to provide the foundational warmth and driving force, while simultaneously harmonizing the Liver to resolve Qi stagnation and facilitate smoother circulation. This dual approach addresses both the root deficiency and the symptomatic stagnation, promoting overall balance. Tonifying Kidney Yang directly counteracts the cold and deficiency, while harmonizing the Liver addresses the Qi constraint. This integrated approach is central to advanced TCM diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing the interconnectedness of organ systems and the importance of treating both root and branch.

The question probes the understanding of the fundamental principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) diagnosis, specifically focusing on the concept of “Shen” (神) and its relationship to the Zang-Fu organs. Shen is often translated as “spirit,” “mind,” or “consciousness” and is considered to be housed primarily in the Heart (心). However, its influence extends to other organs, particularly the Liver (肝) which governs the smooth flow of Qi and blood, impacting emotional states and mental clarity, and the Kidneys (肾) which store the Essence (Jing) and are considered the root of Yin and Yang, influencing vitality and cognitive function. In the context of Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, understanding the intricate interplay between the Zang-Fu organs and the manifestation of Shen is crucial for developing a holistic diagnostic approach. A patient presenting with pronounced irritability, fluctuating moods, and difficulty concentrating, coupled with a pale complexion and a weak pulse, suggests a complex imbalance. The irritability and fluctuating moods strongly point towards Liver Qi stagnation or disharmony, as the Liver is responsible for the free flow of Qi and emotions. The difficulty concentrating indicates a disruption in Shen, which is primarily housed in the Heart. The pale complexion and weak pulse are classic indicators of Blood deficiency, which can affect both the Heart (nourishing Shen) and the Liver (storing Blood). Considering these symptoms, the most comprehensive explanation for the underlying TCM pathology would involve a deficiency of Blood, which fails to nourish the Heart and Liver, leading to Shen disturbance and Liver Qi stagnation. While the Heart is the primary residence of Shen, the Liver’s role in emotional regulation and the Kidneys’ role in storing foundational Yin and Yang are also critical. However, the direct manifestation of irritability and mood swings, alongside concentration issues and signs of Blood deficiency, most directly implicates the Heart and Liver in a synergistic deficiency pattern. The Liver’s inability to ensure the smooth flow of Qi due to Blood deficiency exacerbates the Shen disturbance originating from the Heart’s lack of nourishment. Therefore, the most accurate assessment would be a combined deficiency of Heart Blood and Liver Blood, leading to Shen disturbance and Liver Qi stagnation.

The core principle being tested here is the understanding of the interconnectedness of the Five Elements (Wu Xing) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and their corresponding organ systems, as taught at institutions like Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Specifically, the question probes the relationship between the Wood element, its associated organ (Liver), its sensory organ (eyes), its emotion (anger), and its taste (sour). The scenario describes a patient exhibiting symptoms that align with an imbalance in the Wood element. The patient’s irritability and visual disturbances (blurred vision, a common manifestation of Liver Qi stagnation or Liver Fire) point towards a dysfunction in the Liver system. The sour taste is the characteristic taste associated with the Wood element and the Liver. Therefore, the most appropriate diagnostic consideration, based on the principles of TCM and the specific manifestations described, is an imbalance within the Wood element, manifesting through the Liver and its related channels and functions. This understanding is fundamental to TCM diagnosis and treatment strategies, emphasizing the holistic and systemic approach that is a hallmark of education at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

The question probes the understanding of the fundamental principles of Yin-Yang theory as applied to the diagnosis and treatment of imbalances within the context of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically as taught at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The scenario describes a patient exhibiting symptoms of excess heat (fever, red face, thirst) and deficiency of Yin (night sweats, dry mouth, emaciation). In TCM, excess heat conditions often manifest with robust, forceful symptoms, while Yin deficiency indicates a depletion of vital cooling and moistening substances. The core principle here is to differentiate between patterns. A pattern of excess heat would primarily focus on clearing heat. A pattern of Yin deficiency would focus on nourishing Yin. However, the presence of both suggests a complex interplay. The most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach, aligning with TCM principles, is to address the underlying deficiency that allows the excess heat to manifest, while also moderating the heat itself. Therefore, nourishing Yin to restore the body’s natural cooling capacity and simultaneously clearing the excess heat is the most comprehensive strategy. This is often described as “nourishing Yin and clearing heat” (滋阴清热 – Zī Yīn Qīng Rè). The other options represent incomplete or contradictory approaches. Focusing solely on clearing heat without addressing the underlying Yin deficiency would likely lead to a recurrence or exacerbation of the deficiency. Focusing solely on nourishing Yin might not adequately address the acute heat symptoms. Treating them as separate, unrelated conditions would ignore the interconnectedness of Yin and Yang in TCM pathology. The Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Entrance Exam emphasizes this nuanced understanding of pattern differentiation and integrated treatment strategies.

The core principle tested here is the understanding of the interconnectedness of the Zang-Fu organs and their corresponding meridians in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically as it relates to diagnostic patterns and therapeutic strategies taught at institutions like Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The scenario describes a patient exhibiting symptoms of Liver Qi stagnation (frustration, irritability, rib-side distension) and Spleen Qi deficiency (fatigue, poor appetite, loose stools). In TCM theory, the Liver and Spleen have a complex relationship. Liver Qi stagnation can invade the Spleen, disrupting its function of transforming and transporting nutrients. Conversely, Spleen deficiency can lead to a lack of nourishment for the Liver, potentially exacerbating Liver Qi stagnation. Therefore, a treatment strategy must address both the Liver’s disharmony and the Spleen’s weakness. Option A correctly identifies the need to harmonize the Liver and strengthen the Spleen. This approach directly targets the root causes of the patient’s symptoms by using herbs and techniques that both soothe the Liver and tonify the Spleen. For instance, herbs like Chai Hu (Bupleurum) might be used to spread Liver Qi, while Huang Qi (Astragalus) or Bai Zhu (Atractylodes macrocephala) could be employed to strengthen the Spleen. Option B is incorrect because while clearing Dampness is important for Spleen deficiency, it does not directly address the primary Liver Qi stagnation. Focusing solely on Dampness would neglect the crucial aspect of Liver disharmony. Option C is incorrect because invigorating the Kidneys is not the primary therapeutic strategy for this combination of Liver Qi stagnation and Spleen Qi deficiency. While Kidney function is foundational in TCM, it is not the immediate target for these particular symptoms. Option D is incorrect because tonifying the Heart is also not the primary focus. While emotional disturbances can affect the Heart, the presented symptoms point more directly to Liver and Spleen imbalances. Addressing the Liver and Spleen is the most direct and effective approach to resolving the presented clinical picture according to established TCM diagnostic and therapeutic principles.

The question probes the understanding of the foundational principles of TCM diagnosis, specifically the interrelationship between the Zang-Fu organs and their corresponding diagnostic manifestations. In TCM, the Liver (Gan) is intrinsically linked to the Gallbladder (Dan). The Liver stores Blood and governs the smooth flow of Qi, while the Liver Blood deficiency can lead to symptoms like blurred vision and dizziness. The Gallbladder, as a Yang organ, is responsible for decision-making and courage, and its dysfunction can manifest as indecisiveness or timidity. Furthermore, the Liver’s connection to the sinews means Liver Blood deficiency can result in muscle cramps or spasms. The Liver also governs the eyes, and its Blood deficiency can lead to poor vision. Therefore, a pattern of Liver Blood deficiency would most likely present with a constellation of symptoms affecting vision, emotional regulation, and musculoskeletal function, reflecting the Liver’s broad influence. The other options represent patterns associated with different organ systems or different types of disharmony. For instance, Spleen Qi deficiency primarily affects digestion and nutrient absorption, leading to fatigue and loose stools. Kidney Yin deficiency typically involves symptoms like night sweats, hot flashes, and tinnitus. Heart Blood deficiency would manifest with palpitations and insomnia. The question requires discerning which set of symptoms most accurately reflects the complex interplay of the Liver’s functions and its relationship with the Gallbladder, as understood within the framework of Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine’s curriculum.

The core principle being tested here is the understanding of the interconnectedness of the Five Elements (Wu Xing) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and their corresponding organ systems, as taught at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Specifically, the question probes the understanding of the “controlling” (Ke) cycle and the “generating” (Sheng) cycle. In the controlling cycle, Wood controls Earth. In the generating cycle, Wood generates Fire. If Wood is deficient, it cannot adequately control Earth, leading to an excess of Earth. Simultaneously, if Wood is deficient, it cannot adequately generate Fire, leading to a deficiency in Fire. Therefore, a deficiency in Wood would manifest as an excess in Earth and a deficiency in Fire. This reflects the holistic and systemic approach to diagnosis and treatment emphasized at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, where imbalances in one element are understood to have cascading effects on others. The question requires a nuanced application of these fundamental TCM concepts to a hypothetical clinical presentation, demanding more than rote memorization.

The core principle being tested here is the understanding of how different herbal properties interact within a complex formula, specifically focusing on the concept of “He” (Harmonizing) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The scenario describes a patient with symptoms of both Liver Qi Stagnation (indicated by irritability and a distending sensation) and Spleen Qi Deficiency (indicated by fatigue and loose stools). A formula designed to address Liver Qi Stagnation often utilizes herbs that move Qi, such as Chai Hu (Bupleurum) or Xiang Fu (Cyperus rotundus). However, introducing potent Qi-moving herbs into a formula for a Spleen Qi deficient individual can exacerbate the deficiency by further depleting the Spleen’s vital energy. Therefore, the most appropriate approach for Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Entrance Exam would be to select herbs that gently move Liver Qi while simultaneously tonifying the Spleen. Herbs like Bai Shao (White Peony Root) can soften the Liver and nourish Blood, indirectly alleviating Liver Qi stagnation, and also have a mild astringent effect that can help with loose stools. Gan Cao (Licorice Root) is a classic harmonizing herb that tonifies Spleen Qi and moderates the harshness of other herbs, making it crucial in such a dual-condition scenario. The combination of these principles leads to the selection of herbs that address both patterns without creating iatrogenic harm. The question assesses the candidate’s ability to synthesize knowledge of herb actions and formula construction principles, a fundamental skill for practitioners trained at institutions like Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

The core principle being tested is the understanding of the concept of “Qi” (氣) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its relationship to the vital functions of the body, specifically in the context of the Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine’s curriculum. Qi is not merely energy in a Western scientific sense but a complex concept encompassing vital force, function, and substance. Its generation and circulation are fundamental to health. The question probes the candidate’s ability to discern which of the listed physiological processes is most directly and fundamentally associated with the generation and sustenance of Qi, as understood within TCM theory. Qi is understood to be derived from several sources, primarily the transformation of food and drink (Gu Qi, 穀氣) and the inhalation of air (Kong Qi, 空氣). These refined substances are then processed by the Spleen and Stomach (Pi Wei, 脾胃) and the Lungs (Fei, 肺) respectively, with the assistance of Kidney essence (Jing, 精). The transformation of Gu Qi by the Spleen is considered a primary source of the body’s Qi, particularly Yuan Qi (元氣) and Gu Qi itself, which then nourishes the entire organism. While other functions like blood circulation and the transformation of body fluids are vital and influenced by Qi, they are either downstream effects or involve different fundamental substances. The transformation of food into Gu Qi by the Spleen is the most direct and foundational process for generating the Qi that sustains life and bodily functions, aligning with the emphasis on digestive function in TCM. Therefore, the Spleen’s role in transforming food into Gu Qi is the most accurate answer.

The scenario describes a patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of a Liver Qi stagnation pattern, a core concept in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) diagnosis. The key indicators are irritability, a feeling of a lump in the throat (plum pit Qi), distending pain in the hypochondriac region, and a wiry pulse. These are classic manifestations of Liver Qi failing to flow smoothly, leading to stagnation and disharmony. The proposed treatment principle is to soothe the Liver and regulate Qi. Among the given options, “Gan Mai Da Zao Tang” is a well-established formula specifically indicated for Liver Qi stagnation with associated emotional disturbances and a feeling of a lump in the throat. Its composition, featuring Gan Cao (licorice), Xiao Mai (wheat), and Da Zao (jujube), directly addresses the underlying pathology by nourishing the Liver, calming the Shen (spirit), and promoting the smooth flow of Qi. The other options, while potentially useful in other TCM patterns, do not directly target the primary diagnosis as effectively. For instance, “Si Jun Zi Tang” is for Spleen Qi deficiency, “Xiao Chai Hu Tang” is for alternating chills and fever with a Shao Yang pattern, and “Gui Zhi Tang” is for exterior wind-cold invasion. Therefore, Gan Mai Da Zao Tang is the most appropriate choice for this presentation, reflecting a nuanced understanding of formula indications within the context of Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine’s curriculum.

The question probes the understanding of the fundamental principles of TCM diagnosis and treatment strategy, specifically in relation to the concept of “Wei Qi” (衛氣) and its role in defending the body against external pathogens. Wei Qi is described as a dynamic force that circulates on the exterior of the body, warming the muscles and skin, and controlling the opening and closing of pores. When Wei Qi is deficient or disturbed, the body becomes vulnerable to invasion by pathogenic factors (邪氣, xié qì). In the given scenario, the patient presents with symptoms indicative of an exterior invasion: chills, fever, headache, and nasal congestion. The absence of significant internal heat symptoms (like thirst or a red tongue with yellow coating) and the presence of a floating pulse (浮脈, fú mài) strongly suggest an early-stage exterior syndrome. The core principle of treating exterior syndromes is to expel the pathogen, often through diaphoresis (發汗, fā hàn) to open the pores and release the invading factor. The concept of “clearing heat and resolving toxins” (清熱解毒, qīng rè jiě dú) is typically employed for interior heat conditions or more advanced exterior syndromes where heat has already penetrated deeper. While some exterior syndromes can involve heat, the initial presentation described leans towards a wind-cold or wind-heat invasion where the primary goal is to expel the pathogen from the exterior. “Tonifying Qi and nourishing blood” (補氣養血, bǔ qì yǎng xuè) is a strategy for deficiency syndromes, not acute exterior invasions. “Regulating the Stomach and harmonizing the Intestines” (調胃和腸, tiáo wèi hé cháng) addresses digestive imbalances and is irrelevant to an acute exterior presentation. Therefore, the most appropriate TCM therapeutic principle for this initial presentation, focusing on expelling the pathogen from the exterior and restoring the defensive function of Wei Qi, is to “disperse wind and release the exterior” (疏風解表, shū fēng jiě biǎo). This principle guides the selection of herbs and formulas that promote sweating and expel external pathogens, thereby reinforcing the body’s natural defenses. This aligns with the foundational diagnostic approach taught at institutions like Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, emphasizing the correct identification of the syndrome pattern before applying therapeutic strategies.

The core principle being tested here is the understanding of the interconnectedness of the Five Elements (Wu Xing) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and their corresponding organ systems, as taught at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Specifically, the question probes the relationship between the Wood element, its associated organ (Liver), its sensory orifice (eyes), and its emotion (anger). When considering a patient presenting with symptoms indicative of Liver Qi stagnation, such as irritability, a bitter taste in the mouth, and distention in the hypochondriac region, the practitioner must identify the underlying imbalance. The Wood element governs the Liver and Gallbladder. Liver Qi stagnation, often exacerbated by emotional stress, particularly anger, can manifest physically. The eyes are considered the sensory organ of the Liver, and thus visual disturbances or discomfort can signal Liver disharmony. A bitter taste is also a common manifestation of Liver Fire or Liver Heat, which can arise from prolonged stagnation and frustration. Therefore, a comprehensive TCM diagnosis would link these symptoms to a Wood element imbalance affecting the Liver. The question requires the candidate to synthesize these TCM principles to identify the most appropriate diagnostic category.

The question probes the understanding of the fundamental principles of Yin-Yang theory as applied to diagnosis and treatment within Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically in the context of the Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The scenario describes a patient exhibiting symptoms that are predominantly indicative of a deficiency pattern. The patient presents with a pale complexion, lassitude, spontaneous sweating, and a weak pulse. These signs collectively point towards a depletion of vital substances and a weakened functional capacity of the body’s systems, which are characteristic of Yin or Yang deficiency. Let’s analyze the symptoms in relation to Yin and Yang: – Pale complexion: Often associated with Blood deficiency or Yang deficiency, as Yang provides warmth and color. – Lassitude (fatigue): A hallmark of deficiency, particularly of Qi or Yang, which are the driving forces of bodily functions. – Spontaneous sweating: Typically linked to Yang deficiency (failure of the Wei Qi to control the pores) or Yin deficiency (Empty Heat causing sweating). – Weak pulse: A direct indicator of depleted Qi, Blood, or Yang. Considering the combination, particularly the lassitude and weak pulse alongside the pale complexion, Yang deficiency is a strong contender. However, spontaneous sweating can also be a sign of Yin deficiency. The key to differentiating between Yin and Yang deficiency in this context often lies in the presence of heat signs (e.g., night sweats, five-palm heat, dry mouth) which are more characteristic of Yin deficiency. Without explicit heat signs, and with the prominent lassitude and pale complexion, the overall picture leans more towards a deficiency of Yang Qi, which governs the body’s warmth, activity, and defensive functions. The question asks about the primary principle to consider for treatment. In TCM, when faced with a deficiency pattern, the primary therapeutic strategy is tonification. Tonification aims to replenish depleted vital substances like Qi, Blood, Yin, or Yang. Given the constellation of symptoms, the most appropriate principle is to tonify the deficient aspect. If we consider the options: – Expelling pathogenic factors: This is indicated for excess conditions or when pathogens are present, not primary deficiency. – Regulating Qi and Blood: While important, this is often a secondary strategy or used in conjunction with tonification when Qi and Blood are stagnant due to deficiency. – Harmonizing Yin and Yang: This is a broader principle, but in a clear deficiency pattern, direct tonification of the deficient element is the primary approach. – Tonifying deficiency: This directly addresses the root cause of the symptoms presented. The scenario strongly suggests a deficiency state. Therefore, the primary principle guiding the treatment strategy at the Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Entrance Exam would be to tonify the deficiency. This aligns with the core tenets of TCM diagnostics and therapeutics, emphasizing the restoration of balance by strengthening the body’s weakened components. The specific deficiency (e.g., Qi, Yang, Blood, Yin) would be further refined through more detailed diagnostic methods, but the overarching principle remains tonification.

The question probes the understanding of the fundamental principles of diagnosis and treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically concerning the concept of “Qi deficiency” and its manifestation in the context of a patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of a weakened digestive system and general fatigue. In TCM, Qi is the vital energy that animates the body. When Qi is deficient, it impairs the body’s ability to perform its functions, including digestion and energy production. The Spleen in TCM is primarily responsible for transforming and transporting nutrients and fluids, and its deficiency often leads to symptoms like poor appetite, bloating, fatigue, and loose stools. The Kidney, in TCM, governs fundamental substances and provides the root of Qi. Kidney Yang deficiency can manifest as coldness, lower back pain, and a weakened constitution. A patient presenting with a pale complexion, a soft pulse, a tendency towards fatigue, and a feeling of coldness in the extremities, coupled with a diminished appetite and occasional abdominal discomfort, strongly indicates a pattern of Spleen Qi deficiency. The feeling of coldness and lower back ache, however, also points towards a potential involvement of Kidney Yang deficiency, which often coexists with or underlies Spleen Qi deficiency, especially in chronic conditions or in individuals with a weaker constitutional base. Therefore, the most appropriate initial diagnostic consideration, aligning with the core principles of TCM differential diagnosis for such a presentation, is the pattern of Spleen and Kidney Yang deficiency. This pattern recognizes the interconnectedness of these organ systems in maintaining overall vitality and digestive function. Addressing both deficiencies is crucial for comprehensive treatment, aiming to tonify the Spleen’s digestive and transformative functions while also warming and strengthening the Kidney’s foundational role.

The question probes the understanding of the foundational principles of Yin-Yang theory as applied to diagnosis and treatment within Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically in the context of the Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The scenario describes a patient exhibiting symptoms of heat (fever, red face, thirst) and excess (rapid pulse, irritability). In TCM, heat is fundamentally a manifestation of Yang rising or Yin deficiency leading to relative Yang excess. Excess conditions are characterized by a surplus of pathogenic factors or a blockage of Qi and Blood. The combination of heat and excess points towards a pattern where pathogenic heat has accumulated and is actively disturbing the body’s equilibrium. A key diagnostic principle in TCM is to differentiate between Yin and Yang excess and deficiency, and between heat and cold patterns. In this case, the symptoms clearly indicate a heat pattern. The “excess” aspect further refines this, suggesting that the heat is not merely a deficiency phenomenon (like Yin deficiency heat) but a more robust, externally or internally generated pathogenic heat that is overwhelming the body’s defenses. Therefore, the primary therapeutic strategy would be to clear this pathogenic heat. This aligns with the TCM principle of “clearing heat” (清热 – qīng rè) and “reducing excess” (泻实 – xiè shí). Option A, “Clearing pathogenic heat and reducing excess,” directly addresses both the heat and excess components of the diagnosis. This approach involves using cooling herbs and techniques to eliminate the heat and methods to unblock stagnation or drain excess pathogenic factors. Option B, “Nourishing Yin and calming the spirit,” would be appropriate for Yin deficiency with heat signs (e.g., night sweats, dry mouth, vexation) or conditions where the spirit is disturbed due to underlying deficiency. However, the presence of clear excess signs like a rapid, forceful pulse and irritability suggests that simply nourishing Yin might not be sufficient and could even exacerbate the excess if not carefully managed. Option C, “Warming the interior and dispelling cold,” is diametrically opposed to the observed heat symptoms and would be indicated for cold patterns. Option D, “Tonifying Qi and Blood,” is a strategy for deficiency patterns, aiming to strengthen the body’s vital substances. While a prolonged excess condition might eventually lead to Qi and Blood deficiency, the immediate and primary concern in this scenario is the active pathogenic heat and excess. Addressing deficiency without first clearing the excess heat would be counterproductive. Therefore, the most appropriate therapeutic principle for a patient presenting with clear signs of heat and excess is to clear the pathogenic heat and reduce the excess.

The core principle being tested here is the understanding of the synergistic relationship between Qi and Blood in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically how their deficiencies manifest and interact. Blood nourishes and moistens the Qi, allowing it to move and function. Conversely, Qi is the driving force for Blood circulation. When Blood is deficient, Qi lacks its material basis for nourishment and support, leading to Qi deficiency symptoms. This deficiency in Qi then further impairs the generation and circulation of Blood, creating a vicious cycle. In the scenario presented, the patient exhibits symptoms of both Qi and Blood deficiency: fatigue, pallor, palpitations, and a weak pulse. These are classic indicators. The question asks for the most appropriate diagnostic conclusion based on these combined symptoms. The interconnectedness of Qi and Blood means that a deficiency in one often leads to or exacerbates a deficiency in the other. Therefore, a diagnosis that acknowledges this dual deficiency is most accurate. The concept of “Qi and Blood Deficiency” (氣血兩虛 – Qì Xuè Liǎng Xū) directly addresses this intertwined pathology. This understanding is fundamental to formulating effective treatment strategies in TCM, which would aim to tonify both Qi and Blood simultaneously. For instance, herbs like Dang Gui (Angelica sinensis) and Huang Qi (Astragalus membranaceus) are often used in combination to address this pattern. This holistic approach, recognizing the interconnectedness of bodily substances and functions, is a hallmark of TCM education at institutions like Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

The question probes the understanding of the foundational principles of TCM diagnosis, specifically the concept of “Bian Zheng Lun Zhi” (辨证论治), which translates to “differentiating syndromes and treating accordingly.” This is a cornerstone of TCM practice, emphasizing individualized treatment based on a thorough assessment of the patient’s unique pattern of disharmony. In the scenario presented, the practitioner observes a patient exhibiting symptoms of heat (fever, red tongue, rapid pulse) and deficiency (fatigue, pale complexion, weak pulse). The core of TCM diagnosis involves identifying the underlying pattern of disharmony, not just the superficial symptoms. A pattern of “Yin Deficiency with Empty Heat” (阴虚发热) accurately describes a situation where the body’s Yin, which is responsible for nourishing and cooling, is depleted. This depletion leads to a relative excess of Yang or “Empty Heat” that manifests as fever, particularly in the afternoon or evening, night sweats, and a dry mouth. The treatment principle for Yin Deficiency with Empty Heat is to nourish Yin and clear the Empty Heat. Therefore, selecting herbs that tonify Yin and cool the body, such as those found in prescriptions like Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (六味地黄丸) or its modifications, would be the appropriate therapeutic strategy. The other options represent different diagnostic patterns or treatment principles that do not align with the presented clinical picture. For instance, “Damp-Heat” typically involves symptoms like heavy sensation, sticky discharge, and a greasy tongue coating, which are not prominent here. “Qi Stagnation” relates to the smooth flow of Qi and often presents with pain, distension, and emotional distress. “Blood Stasis” involves impaired blood circulation, leading to sharp, fixed pain and dark discoloration. The emphasis at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Entrance Exam University is on the deep integration of theory and practice, and understanding the nuances of pattern differentiation is paramount for effective clinical application.

The question probes the understanding of the fundamental principles of TCM diagnosis and treatment strategy, specifically concerning the interplay of Yin and Yang, Qi and Blood, and the concept of pathogenic factors (Xie Qi). In this scenario, the patient presents with symptoms indicative of a deficiency in both Qi and Blood, coupled with an invasion of external pathogenic factors, specifically Wind-Cold. The symptoms of aversion to cold, body aches, and a floating, tight pulse strongly suggest the presence of an external pathogen that has not yet been fully resolved. The pale tongue with a thin white coating further supports a diagnosis of Qi and Blood deficiency, as these are foundational substances in TCM. A treatment strategy must address both the underlying deficiency and the external invasion. Simply tonifying Qi and Blood without expelling the pathogen would leave the patient vulnerable to the lingering Wind-Cold, potentially leading to a deeper invasion or transformation of the disease. Conversely, solely expelling the pathogen without addressing the deficiency would be insufficient, as the body’s weakened state would hinder its ability to resist further invasions and recover. Therefore, the most appropriate approach is to simultaneously tonify Qi and Blood while also expelling the Wind-Cold. This integrated strategy aims to strengthen the body’s vital energy and resources while clearing the external pathogenic influence, thereby promoting a comprehensive recovery. This aligns with the TCM principle of “treating both the root and the branch” (治本扶標, zhì běn fú biāo), where the root is the deficiency and the branch is the external pathogen. The Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Entrance Exam emphasizes this holistic and integrated approach to patient care, reflecting its commitment to comprehensive TCM education.

The question probes the understanding of the interconnectedness of physiological systems and the diagnostic principles within Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically as applied in a clinical setting at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The scenario describes a patient exhibiting symptoms of both digestive distress (abdominal distension, irregular bowel movements) and emotional imbalance (anxiety, irritability). In TCM, these symptoms are often linked to disharmony between the Spleen and Liver organ systems. The Spleen is responsible for transforming and transporting nutrients, and its dysfunction can lead to digestive issues. The Liver, according to TCM theory, governs the smooth flow of Qi throughout the body and is closely related to emotions. When the Liver Qi stagnates, it can “invade” or affect the Spleen, disrupting its function and leading to the observed digestive symptoms. Therefore, addressing the Liver’s regulatory function is paramount to resolving the Spleen’s disharmony. The concept of “Wood overacting on Earth” (木克土, mù kè tǔ) in the Five Element theory describes this relationship, where the Liver (Wood element) can suppress the Spleen (Earth element). Consequently, a treatment strategy that focuses on soothing the Liver and regulating Qi flow is most appropriate. This approach aims to restore the Liver’s function, thereby indirectly alleviating the Spleen’s distress and resolving the patient’s dual presentation of physical and emotional symptoms.

The question probes the understanding of the fundamental principles of Yin-Yang theory as applied to the diagnosis and treatment of imbalances within the context of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically as taught at Oriental College Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The scenario describes a patient exhibiting symptoms of excess heat (fever, flushed face, thirst) and deficiency of vital energy (fatigue, pale complexion, weak pulse). In TCM, these are seemingly contradictory presentations. However, a nuanced understanding of Yin-Yang reveals that a severe Yin deficiency can lead to a compensatory Yang hyperactivity or “empty heat” phenomenon. This is because Yin is the foundation of coolness and substance, and its depletion allows Yang, which is inherently hot and active, to manifest in an uncontrolled manner. Therefore, the underlying pathology is a deficiency of Yin, which is manifesting as apparent excess heat. Treating this condition requires tonifying the deficient Yin to anchor the Yang, thereby resolving the “empty heat.” This approach aligns with the principle of “treating the root cause” rather than merely suppressing the superficial symptoms. Option a) correctly identifies Yin deficiency as the root cause, leading to the observed symptoms. Option b) is incorrect because while Yang excess is present symptomatically, it is secondary to the Yin deficiency. Treating Yang excess directly without addressing the Yin deficiency would exacerbate the underlying imbalance. Option c) is incorrect as it focuses solely on the superficial heat symptom without acknowledging the underlying deficiency. Option d) is incorrect because while both Yin and Yang are interdependent, the primary imbalance in this scenario, as indicated by the fatigue and pale complexion alongside the heat symptoms, points to a foundational Yin depletion.